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The
First Continental Congress was a body of representatives appointed by the legislatures of twelve North American
Thirteen Colonies of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1774. It met briefly then set up its successor, the
Second Continental Congress, which organized the Americans into war against Britain. The two bodies together comprise the
Continental Congress. The First Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia in 1774, with 55 members representing all American colonies except
Georgia (U.S. state).
Background
Like the Stamp Act Congress, which was formed by colonials to respond to the unpopular
Stamp Act 1765, the First Continental Congress was formed largely in response to the
Intolerable Acts. The Congress was planned through the permanent committee of correspondence. They chose the meeting place to be
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in
Carpenters' Hall, which was both centrally located and one of the leading cities in the colonies. The Congress was held in 1774.
Convention
The Congress met from September 5,
1774, to October 26, 1774. From September 5 through October 21, Peyton Randolph presided over the proceedings;
Henry Middleton took over as President of the Continental Congress for the last few days, from October 22 to
October 26. Charles Thomson, leader of Philadelphia Sons of Liberty, was selected to be Secretary of the Continental Congress.
Galloway's Plan of Union
Patrick Henry already considered government dissolved, and was seeking a new system. Pennsylvania delegate Joseph Galloway sought reconciliation with Britain. He put forth a "
Galloway's Plan of Union", which suggested an American legislative body be formed, with some authority, and whose consent would be required for imperial measures.
John Jay, Edward Rutledge and other conservatives supported Galloway's plan.{{cite book |title=Great Debates in American Hist: From the Debates in the British Parliament on the Colonial Stamp |author=Miller, Marion Mills |publisher=Current Literature Pub.Co |year=1913 |pages=p. 91-->
Accomplishments
The Congress had two primary accomplishments. First, the Congress drafted the Articles of Association on
October 20,
1774. The Articles formed a compact among the colonies to boycott British goods beginning on December 1, 1774. Imports from Britain dropped by 97 percent in 1775, compared with the previous year.
If the “Intolerable Acts” were not repealed, the colonies would also cease exports to Britain after
September 10, 1775. The boycott was successfully implemented, but its potential for altering British colonial policy was cut off by the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War in 1775.
The second accomplishment of the Congress was to provide for a
Second Continental Congress to meet on May 10,
1775. In addition to the colonies which had sent delegates to the First Continental Congress, letters of invitation were sent to Quebec,
Prince Edward Island,
Nova Scotia, Province of Georgia,
East Florida, and West Florida. None of these sent delegates to the opening of the second Congress, though a delegation from Georgia arrived the following July.
Colonies and delegates
Province of New Hampshire* Nathaniel Folsom
*
John Sullivan
Province of Massachusetts Bay* John Adams
* Samuel Adams
*
Thomas Cushing
*
Robert Treat Paine
Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations*
Stephen Hopkins (politician)
*
Samuel Ward
Connecticut Colony*
Silas Deane
* Eliphalet Dyer
*
Roger Sherman
Province of New York*
Albany, New York and
Albany County, New York, New York City and
New York County,
Duchess County, and Westchester County
** John Alsop
** James Duane
**
John Jay
**
Philip Livingston
**
Isaac Low
* Kings County, New York
**
Simon Boerum
*
Orange County, New York
**
John Haring
** Henry Wisner
*
Suffolk County, New York
** William Floyd
Province of New Jersey* Stephen Crane (delegate)
* John De Hart
* James Kinsey
*
William Livingston
*
Richard Smith (delegate)
Province of Pennsylvania* Edward Biddle
* John Dickinson (delegate)
*
Joseph Galloway
* Charles Humphreys
* Thomas Mifflin
*
John Morton (politician)
* Samuel Rhoads
*
George Ross (delegate)
Delaware Colony* Thomas McKean
*
George Read (signer)
*
Caesar Rodney
Province of Maryland* Samuel Chase
* Robert Goldsborough
* Thomas Johnson (governor)
* William Paca
*
Matthew Tilghman
Colony and Dominion of Virginia*
Richard Bland
*
Benjamin Harrison V
* Patrick Henry
* Richard Henry Lee
*
Edmund Pendleton
*
Peyton Randolph
*
George Washington
Province of North Carolina*
Richard Caswell
* Joseph Hewes
* William Hooper
Province of South Carolina* Christopher Gadsden
*
Thomas Lynch, Jr.
*
Henry Middleton
*
Edward Rutledge
*
John Rutledge
See also
Notes
Bibliography
- Bancroft, George. History of the United States of America, from the discovery of the American continent. (1854-78), vol 4-10 online edition
-
-
- Miller, John C. Origins of the American Revolution (1943) online edition
-
Primary sources
- Peter Force, ed. American Archives, 9 vol 1837-1853, major compilation of documents 1774-1776. online edition
External links
- The Continental Congress - History, Declaration and Resolves, Resolutions and Recommendations
- Full text of Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774-1789
- Papers of the Continental Congress (Digitized Original Documents)
The
First Continental Congress was a body of representatives appointed by the legislatures of twelve North American
Thirteen Colonies of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1774. It met briefly then set up its successor, the
Second Continental Congress, which organized the Americans into war against Britain. The two bodies together comprise the Continental Congress. The First Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia in 1774, with 55 members representing all American colonies except
Georgia (U.S. state).
Background
Like the Stamp Act Congress, which was formed by colonials to respond to the unpopular Stamp Act 1765, the First Continental Congress was formed largely in response to the Intolerable Acts. The Congress was planned through the permanent
committee of correspondence. They chose the meeting place to be Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in Carpenters' Hall, which was both centrally located and one of the leading cities in the colonies. The Congress was held in 1774.
Convention
The Congress met from
September 5,
1774, to October 26,
1774. From September 5 through October 21,
Peyton Randolph presided over the proceedings; Henry Middleton took over as
President of the Continental Congress for the last few days, from October 22 to
October 26. Charles Thomson, leader of Philadelphia Sons of Liberty, was selected to be Secretary of the Continental Congress.
Galloway's Plan of Union
Patrick Henry already considered government dissolved, and was seeking a new system. Pennsylvania delegate
Joseph Galloway sought reconciliation with Britain. He put forth a "
Galloway's Plan of Union", which suggested an American legislative body be formed, with some authority, and whose consent would be required for imperial measures. John Jay,
Edward Rutledge and other conservatives supported Galloway's plan.{{cite book |title=Great Debates in American Hist: From the Debates in the British Parliament on the Colonial Stamp |author=Miller, Marion Mills |publisher=Current Literature Pub.Co |year=1913 |pages=p. 91-->
Accomplishments
The Congress had two primary accomplishments. First, the Congress drafted the
Articles of Association on
October 20, 1774. The Articles formed a compact among the colonies to boycott British goods beginning on December 1,
1774. Imports from Britain dropped by 97 percent in 1775, compared with the previous year.
If the “Intolerable Acts” were not repealed, the colonies would also cease exports to Britain after
September 10,
1775. The boycott was successfully implemented, but its potential for altering British colonial policy was cut off by the outbreak of the
American Revolutionary War in 1775.
The second accomplishment of the Congress was to provide for a
Second Continental Congress to meet on
May 10,
1775. In addition to the colonies which had sent delegates to the First Continental Congress, letters of invitation were sent to
Quebec,
Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia,
Province of Georgia, East Florida, and West Florida. None of these sent delegates to the opening of the second Congress, though a delegation from Georgia arrived the following July.
Colonies and delegates
Province of New Hampshire* Nathaniel Folsom
*
John Sullivan
Province of Massachusetts Bay* John Adams
* Samuel Adams
*
Thomas Cushing
* Robert Treat Paine
Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations*
Stephen Hopkins (politician)
*
Samuel Ward
Connecticut Colony* Silas Deane
* Eliphalet Dyer
*
Roger Sherman
Province of New York*
Albany, New York and
Albany County, New York,
New York City and
New York County, Duchess County, and
Westchester County
** John Alsop
** James Duane
**
John Jay
**
Philip Livingston
**
Isaac Low
* Kings County, New York
**
Simon Boerum
* Orange County, New York
** John Haring
**
Henry Wisner
* Suffolk County, New York
** William Floyd
Province of New Jersey*
Stephen Crane (delegate)
* John De Hart
* James Kinsey
*
William Livingston
*
Richard Smith (delegate)
Province of Pennsylvania*
Edward Biddle
* John Dickinson (delegate)
* Joseph Galloway
* Charles Humphreys
*
Thomas Mifflin
* John Morton (politician)
*
Samuel Rhoads
* George Ross (delegate)
Delaware Colony* Thomas McKean
*
George Read (signer)
*
Caesar Rodney
Province of Maryland* Samuel Chase
*
Robert Goldsborough
*
Thomas Johnson (governor)
*
William Paca
*
Matthew Tilghman
Colony and Dominion of Virginia* Richard Bland
*
Benjamin Harrison V
* Patrick Henry
*
Richard Henry Lee
*
Edmund Pendleton
* Peyton Randolph
* George Washington
Province of North Carolina*
Richard Caswell
*
Joseph Hewes
* William Hooper
Province of South Carolina* Christopher Gadsden
* Thomas Lynch, Jr.
*
Henry Middleton
* Edward Rutledge
* John Rutledge
See also
Notes
Bibliography
- Bancroft, George. History of the United States of America, from the discovery of the American continent. (1854-78), vol 4-10 online edition
-
-
- Miller, John C. Origins of the American Revolution (1943) online edition
-
Primary sources
- Peter Force, ed. American Archives, 9 vol 1837-1853, major compilation of documents 1774-1776. online edition
External links
- The Continental Congress - History, Declaration and Resolves, Resolutions and Recommendations
- Full text of Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774-1789
- Papers of the Continental Congress (Digitized Original Documents)
First Continental Congress - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The First Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from twelve British North American colonies that met in 1774, early in the American Revolution.
Continental Congress - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
First Continental Congress convened; October 14: Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress adopted; October 18: Continental Association adopted; October 25:
Congress
The first Continental Congress met in Carpenter's Hall in Philadelphia, from September 5, to October 26, 1774. Carpenter's Hall was also the seat of the Pennsylvania Congress.
The First Continental Congress
The First Continental Congress brought together representatives from each of the colonies, except Georgia, to discuss their response to the British ...
First Continental Congress
Colonial America First Continental Congress 1774. The First Continental Congress convened in Philadelphia 's Carpenters Hall on September 5, 1774. The idea of such a meeting was ...
American Revolution: First Continental Congress
The First Continental Congress was held on September 5, 1774, and lasted until October 26, 1774. It was held because the colonists were very upset about ...
The Continental Congress
Two groups of people from all over the 13 Colonies who came together to discuss liberty. The First Continental Congress was a group of 56 delegates from 12 colonies (all except ...
The Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress
The Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress IN CONGRESS IN PHILADELPHIA. October 14, 1774. Whereas, since the close of the last war, the British parliament ...
Declaration and Resolves Of The First Continental Congress
Hypertext from the Journals of Congress (ed. 1800) at the Avalon Project.
Continental Congress
5 September 1774 The first Continental Congress of the 13 U.S. colonies meets at Philadelphia. 13 October 1775 American Revolution: The Continental Congress authorises ...
